According to the report, the South African Iron and Steel Institute (SAISI) indicated that the domestic steel industry had conducted the fastest decarbonization strategies, but financial and policy challenges hamper progress. Meanwhile, the European Union (EU) implemented the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) probably affected South African exportation.

The SAISI stated that industries must switch from coal to alternative low-carbon energy sources to reduce carbon emissions; those all require significant capital investment in infrastructure and technology development, especially small and medium-sized steel producers, which are already facing financial pressure due to demand constraints.